Well, I think you could be a good mapper. It's a good place to start. You don't need to know how to model to be a mapper. Mappers need to be good designers, which you seem to be. The dev team has looked at a few maps that were created by non team members for possible addition to the mod.
As for as what is possible:
There are already some non team maps that have been created along your ideas: pod racing and darthomor prison.
Advancement gameplay, is really too difficult for the game engine. It might be possible to set the map rotation on the server to a specific map based on which team won on a specific map. It would have to be done with python, and I don't even know if it's even possible. But that would really be for a scheduled tournament event, not for regular players.
Survival mode. I actually have tried to think of ways to add that type of gameplay in the BF2142 or BF2 game. Someone did set up a map for play with bots that had one team defending the city of Karkland and the other team attacking. The problem is that there is no way to set up the attacking team in waves of progressive difficulty. That seems to be the key to making the mode fun. Otherwise, it gets boring after about 10 minutes.
Prison break gameplay is possible. Python script can be set to escape when a certain location is reached - that is done in escape from Hoth. The ticket bleed could be set up so that chasers lose tickets over time. A Python script could be made to set the chasers to lose a lot of tickets when a player successfully escapes. The runners could start with only a knife but find pickup kits around the map, or pickup a kit from a fallen player/bot.
Knife/sword Duels would be boring after about 10 minutes. BF2142/bf2 does not support decent hand to hand combat. There was a fantasy mod for BF2 that had only one release. You can also look at the swords in the BF2 pirates mod.
What is also possible is a special player mode in singleplayer. Such as a Jedi or bouty hunter (there are allready test kits in the current release version). They are not currently used, but they are available for anyone that knows how to change kits on a map. The jedi kit has an unfinished light sabre and some force powers. The bounty hunter has a new weapon and a jet pack. The kits can also be added as pickup kits to a map - which creates a camping problem in mp.